These genetic data have also unveiled the uniqueness of the indigenous ainu and ryukyuan people while further demonstrating the genetic substructure within the mainland japanese. Request permission export citation add to favorites. To analyze an unbiased sample of genetic diversity in india and to. Indeed, as depicted in figure 1, migratory distance from east africa has an adverse e. Human migration, diversity and disease association. This study aimed to update the current distribution of hbv types and to investigate mutation rates and nucleotide diversity between genotypes in southeast asia, australia and new zealand. We explored the genetic structure between them and other ethnic. Division of population genetics, national institute of genetics, yata 1111, mishima 4118540, japan.
Vast migrations and subsequent assimilation processes have shaped the genetic composition of southeast asia, an area of close contact between several major ethnic groups. The common house crow corvus splendens is one of the best known and most wide spread species of the family corvidae. South asia is home for more than a billion people culturally structured into innumerable groups practicing different levels of endogamy. Genetic diversity analysis of south and east asian duck. Department of anthropology, national museum of nature and science. Despite the apparent lack of dispersal barriers, there is extensive diversity among the peoples, cultures and languages of east asia. Materials and methods samples and dna extraction the native asian duck samples were provided by the national institute of animal science nias in korea and bangladesh agricultural university bau in bangladesh. Genetic structure of the ethnic lao groups from mainland southeast. Zago department of clinical medicine, school of medicine, ribeira.
Our results show that genetic ancestry is strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations as well as geography. Human genome study highlights global genetic diversity through. Genetic analyses of both current populations and ancient remains has greatly enriched our understanding of the history and diversity of human populations in the japanese archipelago. African populations are known to harbour the greatest genetic diversity. Asia harbors substantial cultural and linguistic diversity, but the geographic structure of genetic variation across the continent remains enigmatic. It is the result of many years of work by luigi cavallisforza, one of the most cited scientists in the world, who has published extensively in the use of genetics to understand human migration and evolution.
In this study, we used genetic data that we collected in central asia, in addition to data from the literature, to understand better the origins of central asian groups at a finegrained scale, and to assess how ethnicity influences the shaping of genetic differences in the human species. If you want a complete answer to this question you need to read the journey of man. The human genome organisations hugo panasian snp consortium carried out a study of almost 2,000 people across the continent. Genetic, linguistic and archaeological perspectives on. Human genetic variation calculated from genetic data representing 346 microsatellite loci taken from 1484 individuals in 78 human populations. Project muse mitochondrial dna diversity in southeast. A hypothetical mostrecent common ancestor mrca composed of ancestral alleles as inferred from the genotypes of one gorilla and 21 chimpanzees was used to root the tree. Pdf mapping human genetic diversity on the japanese archipelago. Here we report a largescale survey of autosomal variation from a broad geographic sample of asian human populations. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia johns hopkins. In silico analysis of genetic diversity of human hepatitis b. We assess the levels of genetic differentiation between ethnic groups on one hand and between populations. Genetic diversity, population structure and sexbiased.
Asian cultivated rice provides a clear picture of multiple foundations of crop diversity. Among them, japonica rice is likely the group derived from the first human manipulations of this species. Thailand is at the center of mainland southeast asia msea, a region within asia that has not been extensively studied. That is, the withinpopulation component of genetic variation, estimated here as 93 to 95% table 1, accounts for most of human genetic diversity.
Pdf mapping human genetic diversity in asia takashi. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia the hugo panasian snp consortium, et al. A paper i like that should explain all this much better. Thus there is enough reason for growing interests in the. Dec 11, 2009 mapping human genetic diversity in asia the hugo panasian snp consortium abstract asia harbors substantial cultural and linguistic diversity, but the geographic structure of genetic variation across the continent remains enigmatic. Sep 23, 2015 the malay people are an important ethnic composition in southeast asia, but their genetic makeup and population structure remain poorly studied. We performed a highdensity array genotyping using over 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in three major groups of negrito, senoi, and proto.
Mitochondrial dna diversity in southeast asian populations. In two papers one published today in science 1, the other. Insight into the peopling of mainland southeast asia from. Pdf mapping human genetic diversity in asia kiran k. Genetic diversity in india and the inference of eurasian. African genetic diversity provides novel insights into. The human genome diversity project hgdpcentre detude du. The genomeasia 100k project enables genetic discoveries. Genetic history of negritos and indigenous populations gbe. Genetic, linguistic and archaeological perspectives on human diversity in southeast asia is the result of a collaborative effort to stimulate interaction between scientists from different disciplines who share a common interest. Geography predicts neutral genetic diversity of human.
Genetic analyses of east asian groups have also demonstrated an important impact of human cultural practices in particular, residence pattern, social selection and agriculturerelated population expansions on genetic variation. Mitochondrial genetic diversity of pingpu tribes in taiwan. Pdf mapping human genetic diversity in asia anunchai. However, when contextualized with other genetic information, this lp remains a useful marker with which to trace asian population af. The most genetically diverse human population is most probably somewhere near somalia and ethiopia, in a region believed to b. Branches with bootstrap values less than 50% were condensed. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of a representative set of sesame accessions from 22 countries of africa and asia. Its importance is associated with the extensive presence of humans and their claimed ancestors over the last 2 myr, and with being the crossroads connecting america and the. Jun 20, 2018 when closely related individuals mate, they produce inbred offspring, which often have lower fitness than outbred ones. Pdf genetic studies of human diversity in east asia. Our analysis revealed that these southeast asian populations were genetically similar to each other, suggesting they had a common origin. In general, genetic data strongly support the dualstructure model proposed by hanihara 1991 whereby the hondo japanese are the result of admixture between the.
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. Data from y chromosome and mitochondrial dna luis a. To better characterize the genetic variation of this region, we analyzed the entire mtdna control region of 214 unrelated donors from laos according to highest forensic quality standards. Hugo panasian snp consortium, abdulla ma, ahmed i, assawamakin a, bhak j, brahmachari sk. Here we report a largescale survey of autosomal variation from a broad geographic sample of asian. However, current knowledge of the genetic history of east asia is limited in two important ways. Lower genetic diversity among indigenous populations at greater migratory distances from east africa existence of an optimal level of genetic diversity for each stage of development balances between. Dec 11, 2009 asia harbors substantial cultural and linguistic diversity, but the geographic structure of genetic variation across the continent remains enigmatic.
Request pdf on jan 1, 2009, the hugo panasian snp consortium and others published mapping human genetic diversity in asia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia this copy is for your personal, noncommercial use only. Jan 24, 2020 indepth studies on the genetic diversity of crops indicate that domestication is likely a drawnout process that differs from the traditional representation of a simple rapid bottleneck. Genetic studies of populations from the indian subcontinent are of great interest because of indias large population size, complex demographic history, and unique social structure. It is a successful invasive species able to exploit urban environments, well removed from its natural distribution.
However, most largescale population genetic studies, until a few years ago, had minimal representation of these populations and our understanding of african genetic diversity and demographic histories was largely based on a limited set of genetic markers. Sep 30, 2015 the genomes project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying wholegenome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia the hugo panasian. Despite recent largescale efforts in discovering human genetic variation, indias vast reservoir of genetic diversity remains largely unexplored. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia article pdf available in science 3265959. Mitochondrial dna diversity in southeast asia 433 units lum and cann 1998. Jan 24, 20 indonesia, an island nation linking mainland asia with the pacific world, hosts a wide range of linguistic, ethnic and genetic diversity.
Insights into human genetic variation and population. Genetic diversity of native and introduced populations of. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia thaiscience. An international scientific effort has revealed the genetics behind asias diversity. Genetic diversity and the emergence of ethnic groups in. Dissecting the genetic structure and admixture of four. Daoroong kangwanpong, metawee srikummool and jatupol kampuansai department of biology, faculty of science, chiang mai university, chiang mai 50002 email. The average proportion of genetic differences between individuals from different human populations only slightly exceeds that between unrelated individuals from a single population 4. Subsequent genetic studies using uniparental and autosomal markers in currentday and ancient human samples are widely in support of the dualstructure model.
Inferring human history in east asia from y chromosomes. Scientists have taken an unprecedented look at worldwide genetic diversity to illuminate the history of the worlds populations. Genetic diversity in an andean population from peru and. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia the hugo panasian snp consortium asia harbors substantial cultural and linguistic diversity, but the geographic structure of genetic variation across the continent remains enigmatic. Much of what we currently know about genetic diversity is from a limited number of the 2000 ethnolinguistic groups in africa, and the majority of these data are from mtdna and y. Mapping human genetic diversity in asia request pdf. A home to more than one billion people, india is a land of vast human diversity, consisting of more than four and a half thousand anthropologically welldefined populations. Wild lotus is suffering from habitat loss because of global environmental change and intensive human activities. Genetic studies of human diversity in east asia article pdf available in philosophical transactions of the royal society b biological sciences 3621482. However, the genetic history of these populations remained obscure. We retrieved 930 human hbv complete genomes from these regions from the ncbi nucleotide database for.
Their findings support the hypothesis that asia was populated primarily through a single migration event from the south. Although africa is critical for understanding modern human origins and genetic risk factors for disease, it has been underrepresented in human genetic studies. Genetic diversity and structure in populations of nelumbo. Platt for his help and guidance which improved the afghan study notably. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of. The overall goal is to provide a comprehensive insight into sesame diversity between and within these continents for a better management of the genetic resources used in breeding programs. Mapping human genetic diversity on the japanese archipelago. The extent of whole genome diversity amongst hepatitis b virus hbv genotypes is not well described. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in argentine and bolivian creole cattle using five loci related to milk production j. Genetic diversity in indian populations mygov blogs. Edwards paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as noah rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with. Mapping human genetic diversity on the japanese archipelago article pdf available in advances in anthropology 102. The human genome diversity project hgdp was started by stanford universitys morrison institute in 1990s along with collaboration of scientists around the world. When closely related individuals mate, they produce inbred offspring, which often have lower fitness than outbred ones.
A matrilineal genetic perspective of hanging coffin custom in. The article explores the origin and diversification of east asian populations, specifically the japanese people. The underrepresentation of noneuropeans in human genetic studies so far has limited the diversity of individuals in genomic datasets and led to reduced medical relevance for a large proportion of. The upper graph illustrates that as populations are further from east africa, they have declining genetic diversity as measured in average number of microsatellite repeats at each of the loci. Estimates of the date of migration from africa into south asia india based on genetic data have also been variable. East asia harbors substantial genetic, physical, cultural and linguistic diversity, but the detailed structures and interrelationships of those aspects remain enigmatic. Low genetic variability in humans relative to other great apes suggesting a recent expansion of human populations from a common ancestor not far back in the past 2. This question has begun to be addressed by a rapid accumulation of molecular anthropological studies of the populations in and around east asia, especially by y chromosome studies.
It is considered a pest as it attains high population densities, can cause serious economic losses and has many adverse effects on native. Genetic substructure may exist in the thai population, since waves of migration from southern. Indigenous populations of malaysia known as orang asli oa show huge morphological, anthropological, and linguistic diversity. Genetic diversity in an andean population from peru and regional migration patterns of amerindians in south america. Genetic history of europe genetic history of south asia african admixture in. Study of human genetic diversity tesis doctorals en xarxa. Each population differs in terms of language, culture, customs, physical features and genetic architecture, which is determined by dna the hereditary material that is passed on from one. Geographic patterns in human genetic diversity carry footprints of population. There is considerable ethnolinguistic and genetic variation among human populations in asia, although tracing the origins of this diversity is complicated by migration events. Close inbreeding and low genetic diversity in inner asian. Genetic landscapes reveal how human genetic diversity. Therefore, some human molecular geneticists have argued that the nature and extent of genetic diversity found in nonafrican populations cannot be reconciled with multiple dispersal events 12.
East asia, which is located at the east end of the continent of eurasia, is one of the most important regions for studying evolution and genetic diversity of human populations cavallisforza 1998. In a previous study of southeast asian genetic variation, we characterized mitochondrial dnas mtdnas from six populations through highresolution restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp analysis. Despite the complexity of this cultural environment. Using haplotype blocks to map human complex trait loci pdf. The relationship is highly significant p genetic diversity of human populations, explaining 85% of the observed variance at a worldwide scale. The book furnishes a number of papers summarizing the major lines of research in the region, which were. The human genetic history of south asia sciencedirect.
Going back to your question asians populations with ancestry in east asia are on average more genetically homogenous than australians, americans, and africans. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in. We present 929 highcoverage genome sequences from 54 diverse human. Population identification numbers ids, sample collection locations with latitudes and longitudes, ethnicities. If you wish to distribute this article to others, you can order highquality copies for your following the guidelines here. Conservation of wild lotus requires protection of genetic resources. Linguistically south asia is broadly characterized by four major language families which has served as access way for disentangling the genetic makings of south asia. Notably, the matrilineal genetic diversity of the hanging coffin people from southern china is much higher than those from northern thailand, consistent with the hypothesized single origin of the hanging coffin custom in southern china about 3,600 years ago, followed by its dispersal in southern china through demic diffusion, whereas the major. Supporting online material for mapping human genetic diversity in asia the hugo panasian snp consortium. Human genetic diversity in the japanese archipelago.
The empirical analysis establishes a highly statisticallysigni. Genetic diversity, population structure and sexbiased dispersal in three coevolving species s. Mar 20, 2020 genomic sequencing of diverse human populations to understand overall genetic diversity has lagged behind indepth examination of specific populations. Dec 11, 2009 an international scientific effort has revealed the genetics behind asia s diversity. He criticises an argument first made in richard lewontins 1972 article the apportionment of human diversity, which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Ipgri and cornell university, 2003 measures 39 calculation of distance, or dissimilarity, follows one of two possible models. Geographical exogamy, by favouring matings between distant individuals, is. The out of africa hypothesis, human genetic diversity, and. Insights into human genetic variation and population history. Greater genetic diversity in africa than elsewhere in world suggesting that humans originated in africa and have had more time to accumulate genetic diversity there 3.
662 1432 657 507 670 47 141 515 1061 1151 150 737 1120 445 502 341 1199 520 1183 1399 109 319 863 1535 633 1341 229 1053 1471 905 139 1010 584 1209